星烁

星烁语法教室： HAVE BEEN + -ING AND HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE

“WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAVE BEEN + -ING AND HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE?”

“HAVE BEEN + -ING和HAVE BEEN + 过去分词之间有什么区别？”

经常会听到有同学问起这样的问题，我们一起来看看。

1

Have been + ing

Have been + ing form is the present perfect continuous.

Have been + ing形式是现在完成进行时。

It means an action that has started in the past and continues until the present.

意思是一个过去开始并持续到现在的动作。

例如：

I’ve been cleaning the house for the past hour.

我已经清洁屋一个小时了。

(I started cleaning 1 hour ago, and I’m still cleaning now)（一小时前我开始清洁，现在我还在清洁）

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2 Have been + past participle  

Have been + past participle is the present perfect passive.

Have been + 过去分词是现在完成时的被动语态。

It means something was done to the subject of the sentence sometime in the past.

意思是过去某个时候句子主语经受了某些动作。

例如：

These machines have been cleaned.

这些机器已经被清洁好了。

(The sentence doesn’t say who cleaned them, just that they have been cleaned already)（句子中没有说明谁清洁了机器，只是机器已经被清洁了）

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星烁英语语法教室：“I’VE GOT和I’VE GOTTEN有什么区别？”

“WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN I’VE GOT AND I’VE GOTTEN?”

1. I’VE GOT

I’ve got = I have; I possess

I’ve got = 我拥有

I’ve got a cat.

我有一只猫。

I’ve got a car.

我有一辆车。

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I’ve got to = I must; I need to
I’ve got to = 我必须，我需要
(often pronounced as “I’ve gotta”)
（经常发音作“I’ve gotta”

I’ve got to leave now.

我必须要走了。

I’ve got to pay rent on the 1st of the month.

我不得不在每个月的一号交房租。

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2. I’VE GOTTEN

I’ve gotten = I have obtained/received

I’ve gotten = 我应得/获得了

I’ve gotten a dog.

我养了一只狗。

(I didn’t have one before, but recently I adopted or bought a dog)

（以前我不养狗，但最近我领养或买了一条狗）

I’ve gotten a good grade on the test.

我考试考得不错。

(I received a good grade on the test)

（我考试得了个不错的分数）

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I’ve gotten = I have become

I’ve gotten = 我变成了

I’ve gotten divorced.

我离婚了。

(I have become divorced)

（我成了离婚了的）

I’ve gotten better at English.

我英语进步了。

(I have become better at English)

（我英语变得更好了）

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“手头紧”，钱不够用了，用英语怎么说？

1.break the bank

“break the bank”字面的意思是“打破银行”，脑洞大朋友可能已经脑补出了盗贼抢劫银行的画面，但是“bank”在这里是库存的意思。所以“break the bank”应该翻译成：倾家荡产，资源耗尽。

I really need to buy a new laptop, but I want something that won’t break the bank.

我真的需要买一台新的笔记本电脑，但是我不想倾家荡产。

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2. I’m pinching pennies.

“pinching pennies”  (捏一分钱)，意思是就连一分钱也要非常吝啬的精打细算。

I spent way too much money this week, so now I’m pinching pennies.

我这周花了太多钱，所以现在我身无分文。

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3. I’m broke.

“I'm broke.”这是口语中最常见的表达，意思是：我破产了或者我没有钱了。

I am so broke this month, I’ve been eating instant noodles all week.

我这个月破产了，我整周都只能吃方便面。

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4. scraping by

“scraping by” 是指自己的收入和支出很难达到平衡，只能勉强的维持生计。

I had to pay rent last month, so now I’m scraping by.

我上个月不得不付房租，所以我现在只能勉强度日